Mitral Valve Regurgitation (MR)

Mitral Valve Regurgitation (MR)   Acute MR: Acute MR Symptoms: Acute severe shortness of breath “Bolt-upright” position in bed Apical tapping Chest discomfort Acute MR Signs: Hypotension, tachycardia, LV apical tapping Soft, subtle systolic murmur...

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MS)

Mitral Valve Stenosis Symptoms/History: Dyspnea at rest, dyspnea on exertion (DOE) Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea R-sided HF symptoms:  slow progressive orthopnea, fatigue, edema Hemoptysis Atrial Fibrillation, palpitations, resultant emboli (stroke/TIA) Potential...

Aortic Valve Stenosis (AS)

Aortic Valve Stenosis (AS) Symptoms:  dyspnea on exertion, dizziness/presyncope, angina, syncope (deadly) Prognosis:  prognosis is worst for HF > syncope > angina Physical Exam: Late-peaking systolic ejection murmur (SEM), crescendo-decrescendo, may radiate to...

What Are the Most Important Cardiology Articles?

With the flood of medical literature in Cardiology, it has become more and more difficult to identify the “most important” articles.  Over the next few weeks, I will attempt to outline what I think are the most important articles in Cardiology, by...